The following
table contains a summary of the emission standards and
their implementation dates.
Table 1
EU Emission Standards for HD Diesel Engines, g/kWh (smoke
in m-1)
| Tier |
Date & Category
|
Test Cycle
|
CO |
HC |
NOx |
PM |
Smoke |
|
Euro I |
1992, <85 kW |
ECE
R-49 |
4.5 |
1.1 |
8.0 |
0.612 |
|
| 1992, >85 kW |
4.5 |
1.1 |
8.0 |
0.36 |
|
|
Euro II |
1996.10 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
7.0 |
0.25 |
|
| 1998.10 |
4.0 |
1.1 |
7.0 |
0.15 |
|
|
Euro III |
1999.10, EEVs only
|
ESC
& ELR
|
1.5 |
0.25 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
0.15 |
| 2000.10 |
ESC
& ELR
|
2.1 |
0.66 |
5.0 |
0.10
0.13* |
0.8 |
| Euro IV |
2005.10 |
1.5 |
0.46 |
3.5 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
| Euro V |
2008.10 |
1.5 |
0.46 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
0.5 |
*
- for engines of less than 0.75 dm3 swept volume
per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3000
min-1
Changes in
the engine test cycles have been introduced in the Euro
III standard (year 2000). The old steady-state engine
test cycle ECE R-49 will be replaced by two cycles: a
stationary cycle ESC (European Stationary Cycle) and a
transient cycle ETC (European Transient Cycle). Smoke
opacity is measured on the ELR (European Load Response)
test.
For the type
approval of new vehicles with diesel engines according
to the Euro III standard (year 2000), manufacturers have
the choice between either of these tests. For type approval
according to the Euro IV (year 2005) limit values and
for EEVs, the emissions have to be determined on both
the ETC and the ESC/ELR tests.
Emission standards
for diesel engines that are tested on the ETC test cycle,
as well as for heavy-duty gas engines, are summarized
in Table 2.
Table 2
Emission Standards for Diesel and Gas Engines, ETC Test,
g/kWh
| Tier |
Date & Category
|
Test Cycle
|
CO |
NMHC |
CH4a
|
NOx |
PMb
|
| Euro III |
1999.10, EEVs only
|
ETC
|
3.0 |
0.40 |
0.65 |
2.0 |
0.02 |
| 2000.10 |
ETC
|
5.45 |
0.78 |
1.6 |
5.0 |
0.16
0.21c |
| Euro IV |
2005.10 |
4.0 |
0.55 |
1.1 |
3.5 |
0.03 |
| Euro V |
2008.10 |
4.0 |
0.55 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
0.03 |
a
- for natural gas engines only
b - not applicable for gas fueled engines at the year
2000 and 2005 stages
c - for engines of less than 0.75 dm3 swept
volume per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than
3000 min-1
EU Member States
will be allowed to use tax incentives in order to speed
up the marketing of vehicles meeting the new standards.
Such incentives have to comply with the following conditions:
- they apply
to all new vehicles offered for sale on the market of
a Member State which comply in advance with the mandatory
limit values set out by the Directive,
- they cease
when the new limit values come into effect (i.e. in
2000, 2005 or 2008)
- for each
type of vehicle they do not exceed the additional cost
of the technical solutions introduced to ensure compliance
with the limit values.
A new proposal,
to be submitted by the European Commission by 31 December
2000, should include:
- rules pertaining
to the introduction of an on-board diagnostic system
(OBD) for heavy-duty vehicles from October 1, 2005 (similarly
as provided for in Directive 98/69/EC on the reduction
of exhaust emissions from passenger cars and light commercial
vehicles),
- provisions
on the durability of emission control devices with effect
from October 1, 2005 (to ensure that they operate correctly
during the normal life of a vehicle),
- provisions
to ensure the conformity of in-service vehicles which
are properly maintained and used,
- appropriate
limits for pollutants currently non-regulated as a consequence
of the widespread introduction of new alternative fuels.
